Ngo-1747, unjiniyela waseFrance uFrançois Freneau wenza ijazi lemvula lokuqala emhlabeni. Wasebenzisa i-latex etholwe ngokhuni lwerabha, wafaka izicathulo nejazi lendwangu kulesi sixazululo se-latex sokwelapha ngokucwilisa nokufaka upende, khona-ke sasingadlala indima engangeni manzi.
Efektri yerabha eScotland, eNgilandi, kwakukhona isisebenzi esigama laso linguMackintosh. Ngolunye usuku ngo-1823, uMackintosh wayesebenza futhi ngephutha waconsa ikhambi lerabha ezingutsheni zakhe. Ngemva kokuthola, waphuthuma ukuyosula ngezandla zakhe, owayazi ukuthi ikhambi lerabha libonakala sengathi lingene ezingutsheni, alizange lisule nje kuphela, kodwa lambozwa laba yingcezu. Kodwa-ke, uMackintosh uyisisebenzi esimpofu, wayengenakukwazi ukulahla izingubo, ngakho-ke usazogqoka lapho eya emsebenzini.
Ngokushesha, uMackintosh wathola: izingubo ezimbozwe ngezindawo zerabha, sengathi zimbozwe ngengqimba yeglue engangeni manzi, yize zibukeka zimbi, kodwa zingangenwa amanzi. Wayenombono, ngakho yonke ingubo imbozwe ngerabha, umphumela wenziwa ngezingubo ezingangeni manzi. Ngale ndlela entsha yezingubo, uMackintosh akasakhathazeki ngemvula. Lokhu okusha kwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ozakwabo efektri babazi ukuthi balandele isibonelo sikaMackintosh futhi benza ijazi lerabha elingangeni manzi. Kamuva, udumo olukhulayo lwejazi lerabha lwadonsela ukunaka kwesazi sensimbi saseBrithani uParks, naye owafunda ngale ngubo ekhethekile ngentshisekelo enkulu. UParks wayenomuzwa wokuthi, nakuba zimbozwe ngezingubo zerabha ezingangenwa amanzi, kodwa ziqinile futhi zibuthakathaka, ukugqoka umzimba akukuhle, futhi akukhululekile. UParks wanquma ukwenza intuthuko ethile kulolu hlobo lwezingubo. Ngokungalindelekile, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthathe iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi yomsebenzi. Ngo-1884, uParks wasungula ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon disulfide njengesithako sokuncibilikisa irabha, ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obungangenwa manzi, futhi wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi. Ukuze lokhu kusungulwa kungasetshenziswa ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni, kube yimpahla, uParks wathengisa ilungelo lobunikazi kumuntu ogama lakhe linguCharles. Ngemva kokuba seliqalile ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, igama lebhizinisi elithi “Charles Raincoat Company” nalo laduma ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, abantu abazange bakhohlwe udumo lukaMackintosh, wonke umuntu wabiza ijazi lemvula ngokuthi “mackintosh”. Kuze kube namuhla, igama elithi “raincoat” ngesiNgisi lisabizwa ngokuthi “mackintosh”.
Ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-20, kwavela ipulasitiki kanye nezindwangu ezahlukahlukene ezingangeni manzi, ukuze isitayela nombala wamajazi emvula ucebe kakhulu. Ijazi lemvula elingangeni manzi lavela emakethe, futhi leli jazi lemvula limelela nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2022