Izinto ze-PVC

I-Polyvinyl chloride (ngaphandle kwalokho: i-poly(vinyl chloride), ejwayelekile: i-polyvinyl, noma i-vinyl; efingqiwe: i-PVC) iyi-polymer yokwenziwa yesithathu ekhiqizwa kakhulu emhlabeni yepulasitiki (ngemuva kwe-polyethylene ne-polypropylene). Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-40 e-PVC akhiqizwa minyaka yonke.

I-PVC iza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo: eqinile (ngezinye izikhathi efushaniswa ngokuthi i-RPVC) kanye neguquguqukayo. Uhlobo oluqinile lwe-PVC lusetshenziswa ekwakheni amapayipi kanye nasezinhlelweni zokufaka iphrofayili njengeminyango namafasitela. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwenzeni amabhodlela epulasitiki, ukupakisha okungewona ukudla, amashidi okumboza ukudla kanye namakhadi epulasitiki (njengamakhadi asebhange noma obulungu). Ingenziwa ithambe futhi iguquguquke kakhulu ngokufaka ama-plasticizer, asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-phthalates. Kulolu hlobo, isetshenziswa futhi ekufakweni kwamapayipi, ekufakweni kwekhebula likagesi, isikhumba sokulingisa, phansi, izimpawu, amarekhodi e-phonograph, imikhiqizo efuthwayo, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi lapho ithatha indawo yerabha. Ngokotini noma ilineni, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwendwangu.

I-polyvinyl chloride emsulwa iyisithako esimhlophe nesiqhekekile. Ayincibiliki kotshwala kodwa incibilika kancane ku-tetrahydrofuran.

I-PVC yakhiqizwa ngo-1872 ngusokhemisi waseJalimane u-Eugen Baumann ngemuva kophenyo olude nokuhlola. I-polymer yabonakala njenge-solid emhlophe ngaphakathi kweflaski ye-vinyl chloride eyayishiywe eshalofini elivikelwe elangeni amasonto amane. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, usokhemisi waseRussia u-Ivan Ostromislensky noFritz Klatte benkampani yamakhemikhali yaseJalimane iGriesheim-Elektron bobabili bazama ukusebenzisa i-PVC emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano, kodwa ubunzima bokucubungula i-polymer eqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ebuthakathaka baphazamisa imizamo yabo. UWaldo Semon kanye ne-BF Goodrich Company basungula indlela ngo-1926 yokwenza i-PVC ibe yipulasitiki ngokuyixuba nezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwe-dibutyl phthalate ngo-1933.