Inayiloni iyi-polymer, okusho ukuthi iyipulasitiki enesakhiwo sama-molecule enani elikhulu lamayunithi afanayo ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Isifaniso singaba ukuthi ifana nje nochungechunge lwensimbi, olwenziwe ngezixhumanisi eziphindaphindayo. Inayiloni umndeni wonke wezinhlobo zezinto ezifanayo kakhulu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-polyamides.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi kube nomndeni wama-nylon ukuthi i-DuPont yanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi lohlobo lokuqala, ngakho-ke abancintisana nabo kwadingeka baqhamuke nezinye izindlela. Esinye isizathu ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fiber zinezakhiwo ezahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Isibonelo, i-Kevlar® (indwangu yevesti engangeni zinhlamvu) kanye ne-Nomex® (indwangu engangeni mlilo yamasudi ezimoto zomjaho kanye namagilavu e-oven) zihlobene ngamakhemikhali ne-nylon.
Izinto zendabuko ezifana nokhuni nokotini zikhona emvelweni, kanti i-nylon ayikho. I-polymer ye-nylon yenziwa ngokuphendulana ndawonye kwama-molecule amabili amakhulu kusetshenziswa ukushisa okucishe kube ngu-545°F kanye nokucindezela okuvela eketheni elinamandla ezimboni. Lapho amayunithi ehlangana, ayahlangana ukuze akhe i-molecule enkulu nakakhulu. Le polymer eningi iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-nylon—olwaziwa ngokuthi i-nylon-6,6, equkethe ama-athomu ayisithupha e-carbon. Ngenqubo efanayo, ezinye izinguquko ze-nylon zenziwa ngokuphendula kumakhemikhali ahlukene okuqala.
Le nqubo idala ishidi noma iribhoni ye-nylon eqhekeka ibe ama-chips. Lawa ma-chips manje aseyizinto zokusetshenziswa zazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, izindwangu ze-nylon azenziwa ngama-chips kodwa ngama-fibre e-nylon, okuyizintambo zentambo yepulasitiki. Le ntambo yenziwa ngokuncibilikisa ama-chips e-nylon bese uwadonsa nge-spinneret, okuyisondo elinezimbobo ezincane. Ama-fibre anobude nobukhulu obuhlukene enziwa ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezinobukhulu obuhlukene bese edonswa ngesivinini esihlukile. Uma imicu eminingi ihlanganiswa ndawonye kusho ukuthi intambo ikhula futhi iqine.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2022